本篇文章将介绍如何在 ubuntu 系统上安装接近生产环境的 Kubernetes。
安装 Docker
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sudo apt install -y docker.io
sudo service docker start #启动docker服务
sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER} #当前用户加入docker组
# 将 cgroup 的驱动程序改成 systemd ，然后重启 Docker 的守护进程
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
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修改 iptables 配置
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 # better than modify /etc/sysctl.conf
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
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[可选]关闭 Linux 的 swap 分区
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sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -ri '/\sswap\s/s/^#?/#/' /etc/fstab
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安装 kubeadm
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sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubeadm=1.23.3-00 kubelet=1.23.3-00 kubectl=1.23.3-00
# 锁定版本
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet kubectl
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[可选]下载 Kubernetes 组件镜像
将下面的脚本拷贝进文件，然后执行文件即可
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#!/bin/bash
repo=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
for name in `kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.23.3`; do
src_name=${name#k8s.gcr.io/}
src_name=${src_name#coredns/}
docker pull $repo/$src_name
docker tag $repo/$src_name $name
docker rmi $repo/$src_name
done
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安装 Master 节点
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sudo kubeadm init \
--pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ # 如果已经提前下载了 Kubernetes 组件镜像，可以忽略这个参数
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.210 \ # 这里需要替换成本机的 IP
--kubernetes-version=v1.23.3
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kubeadm init 成功之后，按照在终端上看到的提示操作即可
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To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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另外还有一个很重要的“kubeadm join”提示，其他节点要加入集群必须要用指令里的 token 和 ca 证书，所以这条命令务必拷贝后保存好
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Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:XXX --token XXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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如果没有保存，也没有关系🐶，可以使用下面的命令重新获取到
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sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command
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安装 Flannel 网络插件
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kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
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kube-flannel.yml 的内容如下
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
name: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.10.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
containers:
- args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.0
name: kube-flannel
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 50Mi
securityContext:
capabilities:
add:
- NET_ADMIN
- NET_RAW
privileged: false
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /run/flannel
name: run
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
name: xtables-lock
hostNetwork: true
initContainers:
- args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
command:
- cp
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
name: install-cni-plugin
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
name: cni-plugin
- args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
command:
- cp
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.0
name: install-cni
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
name: flannel-cfg
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
serviceAccountName: flannel
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
name: run
- hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
name: cni-plugin
- hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
name: cni
- configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
name: flannel-cfg
- hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
name: xtables-lock
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安装 Worker 节点
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sodu kubeadm join XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:XXX --token XXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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